Colonial Capitalism and Rural Class Formation (ص 95)

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عنوان

Colonial Capitalism and Rural Class Formation (ص 95)

المحتوى

extracted from the peasants cultivating Amiri land, the state decidec
to introduce iegal changes aimed at the extraction of more surplus
directly from the peasants. The most important pieces of land
legislation introduced here were the "1856 Ottoman Land Code" and the
"1876 Land Law". The 1856 Land Code strove to establish a direct
relation between the cultivators and the state in an attempt to
maximize surplus extraction . As explained earlier in the chapter,
Amiri cultivators were dependent on the head of their village or
Hamula for their social and legal affairs. It was through this
mediating party that the state received a share of the surplus
produce. The 1856 law placed full responsibility over production and
the right of land possession on the individual cultivator. According
to the law, each landholding family had to register all land under its
possession and pay a registration fee, known as "Tabu", as proof of
title ownership. Tabu fees were to be paid at each and every title
transfer transaction (Owen, 1981:21). Tabu fees imposed in cash were
extended to ali land put under use, including the Matruka land
previously exempted from dues.
In a measure to further enhance this law, the state restricted the
right of Amiri land holding to peasants who would continuously
cultivate the land. One article stipulated that failure to cultivate
the land for three consecutive years would deprive the cultivator of
the right of possession, and could result in the state's appropriation
of the land. Through this, the state hoped to extract more surplus
through more intensive use of the Amiri land.
However, the most important aspect of this law was the land
individualization it aimed at achieving. Article 8 of the Land Code
&l
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Colonial Capitalism and Rural Class Formation

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المنشئ

Nahla Abdo-Zubi

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