Colonial Capitalism and Rural Class Formation (ص 133)

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عنوان

Colonial Capitalism and Rural Class Formation (ص 133)

المحتوى

of production was no more than titular owners, just as the Ottoman
Sultan was the titular owner of all of the Ottoman soil. Marx refers
to a parallel case concerning the Highland Celts in which land
ownership was in name only "Just the same as the Queen was the titular
owner of the national soil" (Marx,1978:681). In fact, the actual
TT
owners of the land were the cultivators who for many years inherited
and cultivated this land. Cultivation in the Marj was organized around
sc .
Aa Srepenec aren f pae:
the village. In addition to the village land, peasants from the
a ea ed
surrounding villages commonly used and owned the mills, the wells and
the grazing land. Even from the legal point of view, it must be
stressed here that the law which governed the act of sale was not the
Sap hert a tree EE
natural or the customary law under which cultivation took place, but
Aare a Tega
rather a capitalist law known to, and accepted by, the colonial power
rare Pia
only.
Moreover, in various villages in the Marj, similar property rights
held by the Sursuks were also held by other peasants. In one
instance, for example, it was mentioned that "at least 10,000d. belong
to the peasants". (21)
In addition, the Sursuks owned only a share of the mills while the
rest were commonly owned by the villagers. In fact they had no rights
over the grazing land since under the Ottoman Land Code grazing land
was considered common land hence, exempted £rom taxes. Even the
British colonial state recognized peasants' property rights in the
FEET MR EPR oe TAIN ROT A RET de ete
villages of Nuris and Maa'lul when, in 1923, it ruled that at least
7000d. be left to the villagers there. (22)
The claim that in accordance with the initial contract the land
PT ee
was eventually transferred without cultivators is baseless. The fact
:
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Colonial Capitalism and Rural Class Formation

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Nahla Abdo-Zubi

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