The Dispossession of the Peasantry (ص 89)

غرض

عنوان

The Dispossession of the Peasantry (ص 89)

المحتوى

73
In the sixteenth century, Miri land was primarily administered by sipahis
(cavalrymen) who were granted tracts of land known as timars or ziamets, the
latter being a much larger piece of land. In return for collecting taxes from
peasants on the land, the sipahis were expected to provide local security and in
time of war furnish troops for the central army.° Lands not given to sipahis,
besides Mulk and Wagf, included Khass (i.e., lands retained as the personal
property of the ruling family and whose taxes were collected by salaried officials,
emins, or local governors). Other lands were given out or auctioned in the form of
tax farms (iltizam).°®
Unlike other provinces of the empire, where one form of land
administration predominated, in Palestine (part of Syria) all these varied forms
were used. This was because of the remoteness of the country from the center of
power, the relative weakness of central control, and the need to balance the needs
of local security with those of tax collection.’
The timars were granted to sipahis for life as long as they fulfilled their
functions and could be inherited. However, the timar or ziamet could be abandoned
if determined to be insufficiently productive by the sipahi, or the latter could be
Ibid., 11.
°In Palestine, iltizam was known as mugata’a. See A. N. Poliak, Feudalism in
Egypt, Syria, Palestine, and Lebanon, 1250-1900 (London: The Royal Asiatic
Society, 1939), 48-9.
70wen, Middle East, 12.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

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The Dispossession of the Peasantry

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المنشئ

Riyad Mousa

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