The Dispossession of the Peasantry (ص 117)

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The Dispossession of the Peasantry (ص 117)

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101
was exacerbated by the severe drop in world prices for the plantation products and
plant diseases. '°* Finally, by 1900, Rothschild handed over the colonies to the
Jewish Colonization Association, founded by Baron Maurice de Hirsch with “250
million gold-standard francs” of his own money.'®
After the Jewish Colonization Association took over, the settlement efforts
became more organized: Better methods of farming and marketing co-operatives
were introduced;'™ more subsidies were provided including larger tracts of land
for Jewish European families, which without the provision of machinery meant the
hiring of more low-paid Arab labor.'® Better yields and price increases resulted
in higher incomes for 1907-1911.'°
Nonetheless, during 1882-1914, the settlement drive, as an agricultural
project, can be characterized as a relative failure in spite of the large subsidies by
Rothschild and later by the Jewish Colonization Association. This can be seen by
the relatively small number of Jews actually involved in cultivation. This failure
can also be seen in the inability of the settlements, as mentioned, to provide a
European level of living, through agricultural activities or otherwise, that would
attract and keep more immigrants. According to one estimate, 90 percent of the so-
Owen, Middle East, 271.
13Weinstock, 67.
Owen, Middle East, 271.
Weinstock, 68.
Owen, Middle East, 271.
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The Dispossession of the Peasantry

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المنشئ

Riyad Mousa

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