Realist Methodology and the Articulation of Modes of Production (ص 159)

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Realist Methodology and the Articulation of Modes of Production (ص 159)

المحتوى

organising the labour process. Thus, this real economic
control allows the sharecropper to control the work rhythms,
job schedules, labour time, intensity of effort, crop cycle
(within ecological constraints) and crop fertility. The
landlord has very little economic and managerial control of
the means of production in this) particular mode of
production.
This particular method of producing commodities bears a
remarkable structural homology to the “putting out system"
which was common among artisanal labour in Europe during the
transition from feudalism to capitalism. (17) Under the
“putting out system" the artisan provided labour and means of
labour (machinery, tools and equipment) and the merchant
provided the objects of labour (raw materials or unfinished
products). The resemblance between sharecropping and the
“putting out system" concerns only juridical ownership and
economic possession. They differ significantly in the form of
the appropriation of the economic surplus from the direct
producer.
Form of Appropriation of the Economic Surplus
The form of appropriation of the economic surplus is normally
the most visible aspect of class relations in modes of
production. The manner in which the economic surplus is
appropriated from the direct producer by the non-labourer is
the precise criterion for outlining the specific class
natures of different forms of production. Different modes
vé ; 145

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Realist Methodology and the Articulation of Modes of Production

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المنشئ

Alex Pollock

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