Realist Methodology and the Articulation of Modes of Production (ص 283)
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- Realist Methodology and the Articulation of Modes of Production (ص 283)
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While there is a good deal of lip-service among aid agencies
about the need to integrate women into the development
process, development projects conducted by international
agencies have most frequently tended to limit women to’ the
domestic sphere of the economy. (19) In such contexts we
often find an openly sexist variation of Lewis's dual economy
thesis, where women are characterised as belonging to the
"closed" or “traditional” sector, while men are characterised
as belonging to the "open" or "modern" sector of the economy.
In this characterisation, economic growth, progress’) and
development are perceived as male attributes, while women are
perceived as conservative, traditionalist and an obstacle to
economic progress. (20) If women are perceived in such a way
by planners and development workers (who are in any case most
commonly male) it is hardly any wonder that they concentrate
their attention, projects and funding on the male members of
Peasant communities.
The overall effect of such ideological caricatures among the
staff of development agencies in agriculture has resulted in
the greatest proportion of their attention being focussed on
male farmers at the expense of women's role in the
agricultral process. In an African context, Uma Lele has
written that:
Agricultural extension programmes have frequently
overlooked the importance of women, both as major
contributors to farm labour’ supply and as
significant family breadwinners. This oversight can
be attributed most readily to a tendency among
project planners and authorities to see African
women in Western terms - i.e. essentially as
domestic workers whose primary responsibility
should be at home and not in the fields. Thus, the
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ooh 269 - تاريخ
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- المنشئ
- Alex Pollock
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