The Proletarianization of Palestinians in Israel (ص 506)

غرض

عنوان

The Proletarianization of Palestinians in Israel (ص 506)

المحتوى

507
class is employed.
E. The Employer or Capital Hierarchy
The sources of capital operative in Israel today are: foreign private
capital, foreign public capital (State capital), co-operative (mainly Hista-
drut and kibbutz) capital, and local small private capital.
During its "nation-building" phase, Israel depended heavily on trans-
fers of foreign public capital (as opposed to foreign private investment
capital). The main sources of these transfers were three:
1. Philanthropic Capital: mobilized from world Jewry by world Zionist
organizations, specifically Keren Hayesod-United Israel Appeal, the financial
arm of the Jewish Agency, through which world Jewry in 69 countries has
helped to create the State of Israel and continues to share the heavy finan-
cial burden of the country. The amount raised by this institution between
1948 and 1972 exceeds two billion dollars.
2. German Reparations Funds: paid directly to the State and accom-
panied by personal restitutions from Germany to individuals who suffered
under Nazism. This has been an important source of foreign capital for the
State during the nation-building phase; "they probably saved Israel from
bankruptcy during the crucial financial difficulties of 1953," as Segre
concludes, and later provided the base for Israel's industrial infrastruc-
ture, specifically the naval and railway communications, telephone and
electricity, and regular supplies of essential raw materials.°
3. Foreign Aid and Grants: mainly from the United States, and later
French loans and credits, and floating Development Bonds in most Western
countries.

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The Proletarianization of Palestinians in Israel

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المنشئ

Najwa Hanna Makhoul

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