The Proletarianization of Palestinians in Israel (ص 507)

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The Proletarianization of Palestinians in Israel (ص 507)

المحتوى

508
According to V.0O. Segre:
" ..total capital transfers between 1949 and 1966 amounted to
7 billion dollars (almost double the amount offered by the Mar-
shall Plan to Europe). Over $4.5 billion came from unilateral
transfers from Jewish institutions, from German reparations to
the State ($775 m.), American grants ($315 m.), German restitu-
tions to individuals ($1.1 billion) and private transfers
($835 m.). The remaining $2.5 billion came from loans ($1.650
m.) and private investment ($880 m.)." 7
In Israel, this inflow of capital was then put into operation through govern-
ment and public channels (specifically the Histadrut, the Jewish Agency and
the Jewish National Fund), thus strengthening considerably their positions
against that of private capital, within the economy.
State sector and public sector are not identical in Israel. The public
sector refers to Yishuv institutions of colonization mentioned above. Al-
though they have independent sources, they function as instruments of the
State.
The Jewish Agency and the Jewish National Fund are, since the establish-
ment of the State, responsible mainly for Jewish settlement, Aliyah recruit-
ment and absorption. These two public institutions serve exclusively Jewish
citizens of Israel.
The Histadrut is different. First, it allows for Arab membership
(since 1953). Around 70 percent of citizen Arab employees hold Histadrut
membership; mainly to get access to the only National Health Care System
(Kupat Holim), which is entirely monopolized by the Histadrut.
Second, and more relevant to the discussion, is the fact that the
Histadrut is also an industrialist; the largest capitalist (although pub-
licized as a socialist institution) employer in the country. The Hista-
drut operates in accordance with the profitability imperative.
In the previous chapter we have seen the Histadrut mainly as a trade

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The Proletarianization of Palestinians in Israel

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المنشئ

Najwa Hanna Makhoul

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