The Arab Revolt of 1936-1939 in Palestine: A Study Based on Oral Sources (ص 25)

غرض

عنوان

The Arab Revolt of 1936-1939 in Palestine: A Study Based on Oral Sources (ص 25)

المحتوى

proprietors in this area) became the peasants landlords, and money-
lenders as well as protectors.'* The second case of significance was the
sale of the lands of Abu-Shusha village South east of Ramleh, to Melville
Bergheim, a Jewish banker, merchant and factory owner. The land was
sold for the amount of tax arrears owed by the inhabitants of Abu-
Shusha. The peasants remained on the land and worked it as tenants and
tilled it according to the musha’ system. The Bergheims managed the
lands themselves.!”
The three major groups or types of big landlords in Palestine towards
the end of the nineteenth century were the local Palestinian notable
families, who expanded their properties by the registration of the
peasants lands in their own names after the Ottoman land laws. The
second type was the newly and slowly emerging commercial bourgeoisie
of the coastal towns and of Jerusalem consisting mainly of local and
Lebanese Christians, Jews and Europeans."* The third type was that of
the colonialist settlers mainly German and Jews, who acquired lands for
the purpose of settling in Palestine. After 1882 the Jews were the main
and most important category of settlers.
By the end of the 1870s, merchant and banking capital had already
begun to penetrate into the Palestinian countryside. The breaking up of
communal land ownership, the changing of tax laws, the increasing
demand for agricultural products in Europe, led to the emergence of a
powerful local bourgeoisie in the urban centers. The political and social
power of the rural sheikhs was shifting from rural areas to the urban
elites. The rural areas lost their autonomy and the rural Sheikhs (whose
status came from the fact that they were tax-farmers) were losing their
16 Alexander Scholch, "European penetration". p.24
17 Ibid. p.25
18 Ibid, p.23
19 Ibid, p.23
17

هو جزء من

The Arab Revolt of 1936-1939 in Palestine: A Study Based on Oral Sources

تاريخ

1990-10

المنشئ

Sonia Nimr

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